Party Systems

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Party Systems

Social Theories

  • Lipset & Rokkan

Institutional Theories

  • Duverger
  • Sartori

Voter Linkages

  • Lawson – voter-party linkages
  • Kitschelt – programmatic, clientelistic, non-strategic linkages

Party Institutionalization

  • Scott and Manwaring
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Dimensions of party institutionalization:

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